American Music of the New Millennium

Music creates invigorating environments and atmospheres in nightclubs, homes, churches, picnics, cars and everywhere else on this planet. Music industry attracts creative, imaginative minds who has the capability of developing ideas that fascinates everyone. Many years ago, music consisted of one category, classical. From classical, Jazz, Blues, Ragtime, Rock and Roll, Pop, Hip-Hop were invented. The music bringing in the most money are the music that stays up with the current trends. This type of music has a bigger audience. Today, we have several music types that can be divided into popular classifications.Updated audio technology enhances sounds of notes played, chord progressions and vocal techniques more distinctively. Music appealing to popular cultures consistently changes with current trends. Today’s popular music categories appealing to young generations, staying with current trends can be classified as Hip-Hop or Rap, Pop, or progressive Rhythm and Blues. Popular art ists such as Kayne West, Hurricane Chris and 50 cent play music classified as Hip-Hop or Rap. Jazz, Rock and Roll, mixed with international African Drumming and Latino cultures shaped the personality of Hip-Hop.Hip-Hops tonality is formed by constant heavily accented beats and strong notes. The constant backbeat defining Rock and Roll carried over to Hip-Hop. Hip-Hop arranges the instruments to put stronger emphases on the backbeat, creating an atmosphere of invigoration and energy. Teen music audiences are vibrant and energetic. â€Å"We could say that music perception is measured and studied as though it is the ability to perceive features of music† (Dorrel, 2006). Heavy accents on instrumentation intrigue young music audiences. Energetic rhythms, provided by percussion are youth oriented, and are easily perceived by young people.Hip-Hop in the future may become faster, have many more rhythms playing simultaneously, and become more integrated with other nations. The number of notes written into Hip-Hop’s musical scores will increase. There is a new dance trend popularized by Hip-Hop (and Madonna) called Krumping. Hip-Hop music steadily influences development of new dance styles, both in the studios and in the nightclubs. Other artists of another division of the pop music classification are Fergie, Rihanna and Gwen Stefani. Pop music sometimes follows the same time signatures as Hip-Hop.The duration of the accents, frequency’s and pitches are comparable to Hip-Hops style. Identical Hip-Hop sheet music may be used for pop. The emphases on the instruments defines the difference. Pop artists singing voices are more accented, above the percussion. The audible focus emphasize different instruments. Electronic instruments (Keyboard, Organ) are emphasized while percussions provide the steady ongoing pulse. As time progresses, all popular music note’s and rhythms speed and frequency increase. For current music trends to stay on top of the music field, they must constantly create new themes, new overall tonality’s.One of the changes inevitably coming along is the ways music is brought to us. Music will be available through radios, devices requiring service contracts without downloadable device and concert shows. Artists will start touring more or only agreeing to make albums requiring a service contract. There will be more competition to create stunning shows. The artists will have to â€Å"make it (concert) memorable. Give them ups and downs, highs and lows, mix the comfortable with the unexpected† (Elmy, 2003). In the new millennium, pop bands may be putting shows together with rap bands.The final classification of music is Rhythm and Blues. Some Rhythm and Blues singers are Beyonce, Janet Jackson and Ciara. The melody and electronic instruments are emphasized in R&B. Musical theatre, Jazz and Big Band influenced R&B. Dancing, and types of dancing defined and characterized Musical Theatre, Jazz, Big Ba nd. In today’s R&B videos, artists uses distinctive dance styles. In Rihanna’s video, Umbrella (also R&B), you can see the Fosse technique in her solo dancing, specifically from All That Jazz. Future Rhythm and Blues will continue return to its roots from Big Band and Jazz, which was played in musical theatres.Popular music, is music appealing to the average ages from children to late twenties. Children are never to young to become a fan of popular music produced by the music industry. Some two year olds love Hurricane Chris and KISS. The artists appealing to younger generations may be any age. Record label’s executives are conducting professional music business to appeal to younger people. The music trends constantly change, continuously inventing ways to hold audiences with short attention spans. If music shows are designed to hold the attention of ADD five years old, it will certainly hold adult audiences.When applying for an executive position, the straightl aced interview rules no longer apply. â€Å"It’s no accident labels are hiring producers. These guys have the sense to stay on top of market changes and deliver sales. You’ve definitely gotta hire someone who’s going to bring a little more content to what people are doing nowadays, because if you don’t, you’re going to get pushed out of the race† (Marshall, 2007). Future of music will bring more breakthrough techniques including improvement of vocal quality, musical arrangements of songs, and recording technology. Artists are now refusing to make albums.Madonna recently left her lifetime record label, Warner Brothers because Live Nation promotes concert tours. These live performances will likely eliminate any music sales to individuals. Legitimate businesses are going to be the primary purchasers of hard copies of music. Today, only dance studios with 2000 students purchase the required licenses to play and use copyrighted music. The smaller dance studios do not abide with these laws. Artists advantage to producing music is currently getting eliminated. The reality shows, American Idol, Dancing With the Stars can be very misleading.Why is Paula Abdul no longer singing and making albums, since she is a bridge to music contracts? Younger people may lack money to purchase all favorite tunes. However, the cost of getting music to them costs a small fortune. The popular music can currently be divided into three classifications. The most creative people combined Rhythm and Blues coming from classic musical theatre, jazz and blues originating in 1920’s and marketed current popular cultures. Notes; Elmy, T. (2003, May). Playing Live: How To Structure A Kick-Ass Set. Canadian Musician, 25(3), 60. Retrieved November 17, 2007,from Academic Search Complete database. http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=10303241&site=ehost-live Phillip Dorrel, (2006 October 15) Music Perception: What Is It That We Perceive When We Perceive Music? Retrieved November 17, 2007 http://www. 1729. com/blog/MusicPerception. html Marshall, S. (2007, February 26). MUSIC LABELS' NEW LEADERS. Crain's New York Business, 23(9), 1-8. Retrieved November 17, 2007, from Regional Business News database. http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=bwh&AN=24351670&site=ehost-live

Christmas vs. Halloween

Holidays are a time where families can come together and celebrate things that mean a lot to them. Spending time with your family is important to folks and holidays are the perfect way to gather the whole family up to celebrate something special. Every year we have tons of fun giving and receiving from others. Being a kid, the best part of all is receiving. Whether it be candy or video games or maybe even some socks from mom, it's amazing no matter what. All holidays are exciting to me but two of my favorite are Christmas and Halloween.But which holiday is the best? Almost all holidays have fictional characters that represent them. Let's start with Christmas. The absolute best part of Christmas for me was waiting to hear that big fat man in the red suit in my living room; Santa Clause of course! We would make â€Å"reindeer food† at school with oats and glitter and throw it in our yard at night. I remember so well throwing the food handful by handful saying each of the reindee r's names as I threw it across the grass. â€Å"Here's for you, Rudolph. â€Å".. And this is for you Comet! † I think all kids have this image of the North Pole in their minds. I could always picture Mrs.Clause baking and all of the elves building toys up there. It makes the idea of Christmas that much more exciting. Halloween, on the other hand, has an entirely different approach. These characters are a lot more intimidating. A great deal of these fictional characters are also followed by a scary story, like The Headless Horseman galloping on his horse looking for a new head to call his own! When I think about Halloween I think of the Hocus Pocus witches flying by on their broomsticks in the sky, ghost flying creeping around corners, black cats running across the streets, and monsters hiding underneath my bed.Putting all of these characters into this holiday makes it so amusing and really keeps people on their toes. Every holiday has some kind of tradition. During Christma s time, the main tradition is to put up a Christmas tree and decorations with your family. Hanging up garland, draping ornaments up and down the tree to make it look like your own, throwing lights up on the house, placing your Christmas letters from family on top of he fireplace, dangling bows around every corner, and of course putting the final star or angel on the top of your very own Christmas tree.To follow more tradition, we also buy and wrap gifts for our loved ones. It is a time of year that we can really show our appreciation by giving. And don't forget about that yummy Christmas dinner! So much is cooked and prepared for the dinner; turkey covered in brown gra'. y to all of the mouthwatering sides like carrots, sweet potatoes, and green beans along with some homemade sweet bread rolls. It's almost like a second Thanksgiving! Halloween is not so sweet. One main tradition is finding the perfect pumpkin for you and your family and carving it together.There's so many possibilit ies when carving a pumpkin because you can choose anything you woul d like. IVe seen anything from funny faces to hideous monsters. One thing people do on Halloween and the weeks before it is go to haunted houses with friends and family! There's nothing better than going into a place that is trying to scare the heebie-jeebies out of you! Most people take their children out â€Å"Trick or Treating†. Kids dress up in their avorite character and go door to door to gather candy from others in their neighborhood. Halloween continues to be extremely popular with kids of all ages; 85 to 90 percent of U. S. children go trick-or-treating or engage in other Halloween festivities every year, and many adults also Join in on the fun. † (Harris) Although it has become very unsafe over the years, it is a tradition that will never die down. Kids will always want their candy! Color themes are a big part of any holiday. Christmas is celebrated with the colors green, red, and white. Green Christmas trees, red mistletoes, and white snow.Nothing can beat these bright colors when theyre all in one decorative room together. Halloween uses more dark colors like black, purple, and orange. When you think of monsters and darkness you don't exactly think of rainbows and sunshine. Colors can affect any point of view. Nobody is going to be scared of a hot pink monster with blue polka dots! Bring on the creepy dark colors! The meaning of a holiday is what matters most. â€Å"Christmas is an annual commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ and a widely observed holiday, celebrated generally on December 25 by millions of people around the orld. (Wikipedia) Not only is it a time to come together as a family, but a time to come together religiously as well. To celebrate what you believe in is important to almost anyone. Halloween began to celebrate the dead. â€Å"Halloween is a yearly celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows; Day. It initiates the triduum of Hallowmas, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead. † (Wikipedia) The holiday may be scary but it is meant to be a celebration for our loved ones.In my opinion, Christmas is the best holiday. I love nothing more than to come together with my family to share gifts and love. This holiday is a very happy and cheerful holiday overall and it can really bring out the best in people. â€Å"This truly is the happiest time of the year, and a rush of excitement takes over every December. Everything seems a bit brighter this time of year, so one can never take a December day for granted. † (Bell) I celebrate it every year with the people I care most about and will carry on the tradition for as long as I can.

Richard Nixon and the WaterGate Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Richard Nixon and the WaterGate Scandal - Essay Example The edifice of the Watergate scandal has been based on corruption, espionage and antidemocratic activities, ostensibly based on ensuring President Nixon, a second term in the Oval Room. However, certain facts like the Vietnam war, the release of Pentagon papers, and growing public resentment for his policies were serious impediments to this objective and had to be dealt with a firm, and if necessary, strong arm methods. This was ensured by use of the CIA and other governmental agents to discredit the President's political opponents, and seek to ensure his victory in the Presidential elections. He was able to achieve re-elections but he was constrained to pay the final price in terms of loss of his office and personal humiliation amidst a political scandal that rocked the entire country and shocked the world into mute speechlessness. At the time of instigating the Watergate scandal, President Nixon was not aware, or did not make himself to visualize that his political career would leave him a bitter and disillusioned man, devoid of moral principles and ethics that are the hallmarks of a strong and committed leader.This entire episode started when, while conducting security checking at the Watergate hotel, a security guard noticed a door prevented from closed by the use of tape. He removed the tape and continued with his check However, he was dismayed to find, that on his return, the door was reaped. He informed the police about the burglary. The police arrested five persons from the office of the Democratic National Congress, who had been illegally repairing wiretapping equipment and taking photographs of documents. Likewise, before the burglary in the Watergate Hotel on June 17, 1972, when a group of five burglars, who were members of a group of anti-Castro Cuban refugees called 'Plumbers', broke into the Democ ratic Party's National Committee offices, the term "Watergate" had no greater implication to the Americans and the entire world, rather than an office and a sumptuous apartment complex in Washington, D. C. As a result of the 'third-rate burglary', "it came to be associated with the greatest political scandal of that century and would change the lives of the many people involved" - principally the then President Richard M. Nixon and as for the present day political system, it imparts great meaning. (U.S. History.com, 2008). In the current American Background, the term Watergate has become a common phrase which denotes and expresses the fall of Richard Nixon, one of the most outstanding political figures of the 20th century America and the world. He had refused to hand over incriminating tapes illegally recording the conversation he had when he served in the White House. He refused to hand over the tapes even during the Supreme Court Proceedings. The Court had no other option but to impeach the President, but he preferred to resign rather than face impeachment. The former President of the USA was the only conspirator in the Watergate scandal who did not go to jail. "The lessons learned by these events are enormous. The story of Watergate is a complex and deep one full

What everybody wants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What everybody wants - Essay Example Thus he starts with explaining to the readers that people should not be judged by what they are and they should not be blamed for their current status and position. Rather they should be understood and dealt with properly. A very important way of winning over people is to listen to their problems with attentiveness and provide them with your sympathy. Consideration of the other person’s problems and attentiveness towards their issues makes one feel important and wanted and this is considered to be one of the best ways of coming close to people. To support this view Carnegie provided with one of his life time experiences in which he made an error while presenting his views on the author Louisa May Alcott on the radio. He made a blunder in presenting the place of her birth and changed it from Massachusetts to New Hampshire. In return to this mistake he received many letters among which was a letter by Colonial Dame who insulted him over his broadcast error. But Dale instead of writing back and arguing called her and said sorry to her over his mistake and listened to her viewpoint. She then also apologized for being so rude. This event from his life clearly presents that it is a part of human natu re that he wants to be listened to. It is a fact that every being wants to share his views and a person craves for pity as well as consideration to his viewpoints. This according to Dale is the best method of winning over people. A very good example to support this has been given by Dr. Arthur I. Gates in his book on the subject of human psychology where he explains that it is an inborn characteristic of a human being to search for attention and consideration. For instance when a child gets hurt he runs around and tells everyone about it. In the same way when people undergo operations they tend to talk about it and tell people in order to gain their attention and kindness. This chapter speaks about the characteristics which are present

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Journal - Assignment Example One strongly believes that a universal standard in physical examination should be designed and followed; regardless of demographic or cultural orientation of patients or doctors. This would ensure that high ideals of professionalism are adhered to; as well as prevents tendencies for legal sanctions that could ensue. Actually, from one’s personal experience, it has always been presumed that being examined by a doctor, especially in body parts below the waist, would really necessitate the presence of a family member or a chaperone; especially if the doctor is of the opposite sex. It is perfectly understood that doctors have, by nature of their profession and experience, been exposed and oriented on proper conduct and decorum while doing the physical examination. However, one is convinced that doctors are just human beings, whose senses and emotions are influenced by what is perceived. Therefore, to avoid any untoward incident that could jeopardize the patient-doctor relationship, a set of uniform professional standards should be clearly and explicitly designed on a global

Safety Plant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Safety Plant - Essay Example In the 1980s, the platform received an overhaul to allow for natural gas production, which changed some of the dynamics of its operational and technological systems. Piper Alpha was a fixed platform in the North Sea, consisting of four modules that were segregated by a series of firewalls. Two modules were isolated for gas and oil production, with one module for gas compression and a fourth containing platform wellheads. Later analysis indicated that these firewalls were inefficient for the multiple activities occurring on the platform. The remaining levels of Piper Alpha contained control rooms, helipad operations, and personnel areas (e.g. sleeping quarters and recreational centres). On board were a variety of life rescue boats to facilitate evacuation in the event of emergencies. The events leading to the disaster and occurring during the series of fires were attributed to operational deficiencies, management failures, and process/procedure dysfunction, making this a complex scena rio of human and tangible factors. This report highlights the inter-connectivity of these failures as well as discussion of the sweeping safety and procedural changes that occurred in the industry post-disaster. The events leading to Piper Alpha destruction Piper Alpha maintained two different condensate pumps (Pumps A and B). A condensate pump is designed to remove excess condensate (water vapour) to facilitate compression and production functions. On the morning of July 6, routine maintenance was scheduled for Pump A which called for the removal of the pressure safety valve. For reasons unknown, the actual maintenance was delayed and instead of reassembly, Pump A was closed off with a temporary metal flange and scheduled for lock out. As was part of the Piper Alpha operations and safety processes, a work permit was handwritten by the current technician with information that Pump A should not be turned on due to the temporary inability to handle pressure loads. Up until this point, the safety and operational processes were in-line with platform practice and expectations. Six hours later, the written permit indicating that Pump A should, under no circumstances, be turned on was somehow misplaced by the next shift working in the operations control room. Unknown to the technician who wrote the permit, there was a supplementary permit already posted that authorized construction overhaul of Pump A in the control room. No verbal exchanges occurred between the technician in charge of Pump A lockout and the control room operators as another problem was being dealt with on the platform at the time (Caplan 2005). Thus, the permit was left in the control room and the technician returned to the employee housing area. Earlier in the day, Piper Alpha had been experiencing blockage problems caused by hydrate buildup, a form of ice produced when gas and water molecules form solids under certain temperature and pressure conditions (Sheen 1987). This hydrate blockage stopped P ump B and the control room was unable to get the pump back online. The significance of this was that operations of Pump B were inter-connected with every power system on Piper Alpha, therefore there were only a matter of minutes after Pump B ceased production to ensure no power supply disruption. The control room identified an overhaul permit for Pump A, but no indication about the warning of not turning on Pump A since, as previously identified, it had been misplaced. Therefore, the manager of the control room determined that Pump A was an effective

CASE STUDY SUMMARIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CASE STUDY SUMMARIES - Essay Example To guard against this, concrete bored piles were installed at the cliff-facing side of the road. This is then tied to anchor blocks with pullout being prevented by tension piles. A developed unprotected coastline is subjected to coastal retreat and landslide instability. The combined action of cliff erosion and collapse together with the flow of groundwater from high levels to the sea is triggering landslide reactivation. Coastal protection is limited by environmental sensitivity of the site. There are two requirements for the project: to arrest recession of the cliffs and reactivation of the landslide system and to improve the stability of the coastal through an intensive drainage system. For the first requirement, a rock armor revetment was chosen. For the second problem, a deep pumped well solution using siphon and electro-pneumatic systems. The project involves a developed coastal town threatened by existing coastal defense, landslide reactivation and coastal recession. Coastal erosion by wave action, earth slippage due to rainfall & groundwater, inappropriate excavation and construction and climate change have ultimately resulted to the reactivation of landslide complexes. Due to the severe consequences if the problem was left unchecked, an extensive program of land stabilization and foreshore works was undertaken. Different strategies were used including reinforced slope buttresses, soil nails, pile grids, slope regarding, drains, seawall improvements and beach replenishment. A developed coastal town is experiencing deterioration of coastal defenses with previously installed stabilization measures such as cut-off drain have all but failed. Nevertheless, the cliff top assets are not foreseen to be affected for several years making coastal protection measures not warranted for the time being. Only monitoring and investigations of the ground and rainfall are the actions being undertaken. Aside from

Describe the journey of a Red Blood Cell around the body Essay

Describe the journey of a Red Blood Cell around the body - Essay Example A spectrin network attached to the lipid bilayer contains several organic proteins, phospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol. This type of attachment increases the stiffness of the RBC. Moreover, this sort of spectrin protein allows the free diffusion of vital component from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid. (Li & Lykotrafittis, 2012). The journey of red blood cells (erythrocytes) usually begins in the circulatory system. During their passage through the blood vessels the erythrocytes undergo several important changes in shape and structure particularly when needed to pass through the narrow passages in the circulatory system. An erythrocyte is a biconcave disc of a diameter ranging between 6-8 microns, with mean thickness of 2.5 micrometres at the periphery and approximately 1 micrometre towards the centre of the cell (Guyton & Hall, 2006). Transporting of oxygen from lung to various other organs is the function of the RBCs during their journey in the human circulatory system. Importantly, this oxygen available for the functioning of organs is stored into the haemoglobin of RBC and when it reaches its particular destination, oxygen is liberated from haemoglobin and it moves through the cellular passive diffusion. Furthermore, carbon dioxide (CO2) that is released after cellular activities is then again fused with haemoglobin of RBC. This deoxygenated blood due to presence of CO2 into the haemoglobin then enters into the heart, and is finally diffused to the lungs. It was reported that in some lower animals (some invertebrates), Hb is present as a free protein in plasma and it is not bound to the RBCs like in human beings. The total life span of each erythrocyte in the circulation is 120 days (Dean, 2005). But during this period if any of them gets damaged, then they could be eliminated from the circulatory system with the help of macrophages which is usually present in the bone marrow, spleen or in the liver (Premkumar, 2004). A normal man has an average of 5,200,000 red blood cells (RBC) per cubic millimetre and a normal woman has an average of 4,700,000 RBCs per cubic millimetre (Guyton & Hall, 2006). Around 3 million red blood cells (RBC) enter the circulation each second (Starr & McMillan, 2012). Haemoglobin is usually concentrated in the red blood cells (RBC); the metabolic limit of haemoglobin-forming mechanism of the body allows only a maximum concentration of 34grams of Haemoglobin in each 100 millilitres of cells (Guyton & Hall, 2006). In any normal and healthy individual, the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration remains at this maximum permitted level. 2. Bone marrow, Journey and Production of erythrocytes: Production of the erythrocytes from the bone marrow is called erythropoiesis (Schlossberg & Zuiderna, 1997). Apart from bone marrow, red blood cells are also produced by various other organs during the early development of human body. Yolk Sac is the primary site of the production of RBCs during the early embryonic p eriod (Guyton & Hall, 2006, p. 421). Liver serves as the main organ for RBC production during the middle trimester of gestation while lymph nodes and spleen also produce an amount of RBCs during this stage of development (Guyton & Hall, 2006, p. 421). Bone marrow is an important part of human body for the production of red blood cells (RBC) during the last month of gestation and soon after the birth (Guyton & Hall, 2

Sport, Leisure and Coaching law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sport, Leisure and Coaching law - Essay Example by Lord Taylor on the Hillsborough disaster highlighed the role of building control as a major safety measure adopted for the safety of sports grounds. Moreover compulsory participation of other emergency services as well as likeminded intrested parties was also given priority. The important laws and regulations that were framed to ensure safety at sports grounds were Safety of sports grounds act 1975, Safety of sports grounds regulations 1987, Fire safety and safety of places of sports act 1987, Safety of places of sport regulations 1988, The football spectators act 1989, The environmental and safety information act 1988 etc. For ensuring the safety of sports grounds, the Safety of sports grounds act 1975 have given powers to the Secretary of state to issue special safety certificates or General safety certificate as an when required. As per the law the person who is responsible for the safety of the ground should apply to the concerned authority for getting such certificate. After receiving the application, the local autority decides whether the aplicant is qualified enough to receive the certificate. Normally the General certificate contains conditions that the authority fells necessary to implement safety at grounds. It includes management requirements, provisions for first aid, structural elements strength etc. For the preparation of the Safety certificate, it is utmost necessary to consider the following. First of all, a request for suitable drawings form the applicant should be made. Then a survey of the ground in detail should be made. It is also necessary to hold team safety meetings with emergency services for determining the overall requirements. Moreover consultation with experts in this field should be made. Another important step is to seek structural , electrical as well as mechanical certification. When the general certificate is issued, it is necessary to notify the concerned persons who are intrested. Moreover advertisements in accordance

Advertising and its affects on children Research Paper

Advertising and its affects on children - Research Paper Example ising is an important tool for making the organisation successful as advertising creates awareness to the consumers that a certain product and service exists in the market. The effects of advertising can be both positive and negative. It basically depends on the individual as to what extent has the advertising message been interpreted. The old generation may know how to perceive the messages of advertising but some young people, especially children may have affects of advertising in a negative way. Children are immature and they don’t know what is right or wrong for them. Some advertisements may have highly negative impacts on the children. The advertising company focuses on making the advertisements attractive so the people become attracted towards the products or service but children may be affected negatively. It is difficult for parents to avoid their children from viewing the advertisements that are run on television. Parents may have to work upon monitoring their children very carefully while the watch TV and this can be a very difficult thing to do as to take out time for this is also difficult for parents. The advertising process allows the children to gain knowledge about the different types of products that are available in the market especially the various technological innovations taking place in the products. Play stations, X-Box and other such types of games are of high concern to children and they get to know more about this through the advertising channels. Also the different types of products, that is for children come into their knowledge through advertising. Chocolates, and other such food products, children tooth pastes and shampoos etc are all of high interest to the children. These products are used by the children on a daily basis and their importance and positive effects are usually demonstrated in the advertisements. The other positive affect of advertising is that the advertisements are made so attractive that it convinces the

Transformation of a Korean Bank Essay Example for Free

Transformation of a Korean Bank Essay Question 4 The IT related decisions taken by the Kwangju Bank include the downsizing of the information systems and the reengineering of banking processes, headed by the then chairman of the board for the bank. These were impacted by the competition in the global market in that having employed the former information system, the bank was too was weak compete against the foreign banks in the US, Japan and Europe. The bank could not establish its individual business strategies to stand prominently in the global market for the reason that the information system employed. Hence, all these factors led to the important decisions in the area of information technology (Rainer Watson, 2012). Question 5 Risks The OLTP system is the most significant and critical system of a bank due to its direct linkage to the financial interests of the customers. Any trivial issues in the system may critically impinge on the credibility of the bank. For this reason, downsizing the OLTP system of a bank is a pioneering, yet exceedingly risky venture for any bank (Young, 2011). Opportunities * Catch the attention of customers by assisting them in managing their financial interests rather expediently; * Capable of providing banking services whenever and wherever the customers wish for; * Support electronic â€Å"wallets†, automatic teller machines, self-service terminals, home banking, and commercial banking; * Adequately flexible for helping the development of novel products and the making of more effectual banking decisions Question 6 The new system facilitates the customers in getting better service as in quality and timeliness. For instance, the transaction processing speed has been enhanced considerably from four to six seconds to 0.7-2.0 seconds for every transaction. The bank is now capable of serving customers 7 days a week and 24 hours a day, rather than the typical eight hours. Also, customers have a greater number of financial services to select from since development cycles of new product have been considerably trimmed down from months to weeks (Young, 2011). Additionally, having employed the new system, the bank was capable of reducing the operating costs with optimized performance and pursuing novel strategies of business, more effectively. The new open information system imparts enhanced freedom from the domination of vendors and flexibility, and permits more convenient espousal of new technology. Question 7 The programs had been developed in a bit by bit manner without a general outline. As a consequence, it was very costly and difficult to modify or maintain the programs. Moreover, it was very difficult to efficiently develop novel programs responding to the swiftly modifying market environment. Question 8 The vendors supplying the systems based on mainframes attempted to hinder the project for the order of protecting their potential as well as current markets. The superior personnel at the computer center of the Kwangju Bank were mocking regarding the project since they were uncomfortable with the novel technology. Moreover, academicians who were paid for evaluating the project inferred that undertaking involved a great risk because the technology was not adequately mature. Question 9 Yes, the banking process reengineering had to accompany with the development of the new information system. This is because the banking operations were obstructed by its computer vendors and computer systems. The bank was unable to establish its distinctive business approaches since the existing information systems were incapable of supporting them. Conversely, the expenses on information systems were escalating at a greater rate compared to the rate of escalation of the bank’s returns (Rainer Watson, 2012). References ICFAI Center for Management Research. Learning with cases. Retrieved from http://www.icmr.icfai.org/casestudies/learn_case.htm on Jan, 26th, 2012. Rainer, K. Watson, H. (2012). Management information systems moving business forward. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Young Moo Kang. (2011). International Case Study 3: From a dinosaur to a chameleon – Transformation of a Korean Bank. Dong-A University, Korea. Retrieved from http://www.wiley.com/college/turban/0471400750/international/dino.html on Jan, 26th, 2013.

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Essay The book Kite Runner is about a kid that passes through rough moments during his life time because of war. The boys name is Amir, and his father is a rich man of Pakistan. Amir calls his father Baba and doesnt have a quite good relationship with him. Amirs best friend is called Hassan. Hassan lives in Amirs house, and is his servant. Hassan father also works for Amirs father as a servant. Hassan and Amir do everything together, but there is always that line in the middle of them, between servant and rich kid. When the Russians invaded Pakistan Amir and his father had to leave Pakistan, and got to California. There they had to live as servants because they left Pakistan with all their belongings. Pakistan was devastated and so was Amir. He had left Hassan and his father in Pakistan. So one day Amir goes to meet other Pakistanis and sees a girl he likes. His father gets ill and tells Amir to marry her before he dies. They do get married and his father dies 2 weeks later. After amirs father died the couple realized they couldnt have children. So Amir became an important novelist. The people in India are very kind but take religion seriously. There is a total amount of 7 religions that have been documented. Those include Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity. People have a 54% of literacy level. Its average life expectancy is about 59 years old for males and 60 years for females. There are 18 recognized languages spoken in India. They are classifies in two groups. Those are Indo- Aryan and Dravidian. There is no official language spoken in India. Indias architecture is very unique in its own way. In fact India owns one of the most beautiful pieces of work in the world. The name of this building is called the Taj Mahal. It has a circular shaped figure. There is a fountain in the entrance. This building is a tourist attraction all over the world. It was built by a prince that wanted to give her princess a gift in 1627. The Taj Mahal has 4 pillars next to the main building. In front of it there is an opened gallery with lots of fountains. The Indian architecture is very distinguished even in todays date. After the war in Pakistan ended, Amir decided to go back to search for his best friend Hassan. When he got to his village, he asked every living person where Hassan could be. He found an old lady that told him that Hassan was murdered with his wife and that his son was in an orphanage. Amir searched for Hassans son everywhere until he found him. He took Hassans son back to California where Amir and his wife raised the child as theirs. At first the kid had problems bonding with Amir but as time passed on, the kid accepted Amir as his father. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Determination of Alcohol Content Using Gas Chromatography

Determination of Alcohol Content Using Gas Chromatography 1.0  TITLE Determination of alcohol content in Tapai by using gas chromatography technique 2.0  INTRODUCTION Alcohol is an organic compound which contain hydroxyl functional group (-OH) that bonded to saturated carbon (C) atom. For centuries, alcohol has been used for many purposes for examples as fuels, to make drinks, as a solvent and as an industrial feedstock. Alcohol can give us many benefits if we use it in the right way but it also can give bad effects to us if we misuse it. Alcohol can be produced normally by using fermentation process. Fermentation process is a process which uses yeast as the catalyst to break down sugar or glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Ethanol is the most common type of alcohol present from the process of fermentation. Yeast + glucose alcohol + carbon dioxide Tapai is one of the most general dessert or fermented food that can be found easily in East- and Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei. Tapai can be made from different main ingredient such as glutinous rice, white rice and cassava. During preparation of Tapai, the ingredients are cleaned and washed before cooked. Cooked glutinous rice is then left to cool down at temperature 30oC. To produce a matured and good quality Tapai, it has to undergo fermentation for 3-4 days. Gas chromatography technique has been selected in this study to determine the amount of ethanol content in Tapai. A few aspects have been considered in choosing the right technique to be used. Since Tapai contains alcohol, the Halal issue has been rise in Muslim community whether it is allowed to be consumed or prohibited because of some of the similarities between Tapai and alcoholic beverages. 3.0  LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1  Fermentation Fermentation is a process of conversion of carbohydrates into alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acid by using yeast or bacteria as the catalysts. The yeast works to break down the carbohydrates or sugar. Fermentation refers to the chemical conversion of sugars to ethanol. It is a process which is commonly used in order to produce alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine. Besides that, fermentation process is very useful for preservation of food. It produces lactic acids which can make the food can be used in a long period of time. For an example, it is found in such sour foods and pickled cucumber, yogurt and kimchi. Yeast + glucose alcohol + carbon dioxide In Malaysia, fermented glutinous rice also known as Tapai is one of the most popular dessert among the Malaysian consumers. Tapai is a sweet or sour alcoholic taste and can be used as a dessert or traditional recipes. Tapai can be made from various types of carbohydrate sources, but commonly from cassava, glutinous rice and white rice. Yeast and sugar are used in the procedure to make Tapai. Fermented foods generally produce pleasant aroma, texture and have a good keeping quality under ambient environment. Fermented foods are prepared from raw materials. Yeast fermentation generally is an alcoholic fermentation which involves the production of ethanol. Southeast Asia produces 150 million tones of paddy annually. Rice wine is one of the most popular sources to make alcoholic beverages in Asian country. In Malaysia and Indonesia, cassava tubers commonly used as fermented foods because of the high carbohydrates content in it. To make Tapai, the first step is soaked the rice in a gallon of water and left overnight. Then, the soaked rice is steamed for 45 minutes. Cool the steamed rice to body temperature. After that, the Tape Starter is sprinkled on the rice and mixed for a minute to distribute uniformly. The starter and rice have to be mixed well to prevent the spoilage. Half cup of sugar is mixed with water. The rice is packed in layers into a jar and every layer is sprinkle with some sugar water. This step is taken to help the fermentation process to start. The rice is left for fermentation process to take place for 2-4 days. When the rice already produces a bit of liquid at the bottom of the container or jar and distinctive smell is produced, the fermentation process is complete. There are 3 stages of fermentation which are Initial Stage (Lag Phase), Middle Stage (Log to Stationary Phases) and Latter Stage (Death Phase). Initial stage is important to make natto bacilli grow sufficiently. The temperature is set at body temperature 37-40oC. This temperature is an optimum temperature for the bacteria to grow. During the log phase, natto bacilli release a great deal of heat produced by the fermentation process. Sufficient oxygen must be supplied during this phase to make the process runs smoothly. After the stationary phase, the natto bacilli reach the death phase. It undergoes autolysis gradually. 11% of glutamic acid is deliberated 16 hours after the fermentation process started. Organic acids are synthesized in this phase. Theoretically, fermented food is not considered fully safe since they are prepared under uncontrolled conditions. Nevertheless, natural processes have been related with a few documented cases of food induced disease. Natural processed food has been known to cause serious food poisoning compared to prepared packed food because the production of prepared packed food is been done in a factory with a regular monitoring from the quality control unit. Figure 1:Process of making Tapai 3.2  Comparison between Tapai and alcoholic beverages The process of Tapai production is more likely to alcoholic beverages production where both of these productions have to go through the fermentation process. Both processes use yeast in order to produce alcohol. There might be some differences for alcohol content in wine and Tapai since the other processes except fermentation which are used for alcoholic beverages but not in Tapai production. For Tapai production, the process takes place naturally while for alcoholic beverages production requires temperature control where there are hot fermentation and cool fermentation. Cronk et al. Went and Geerligs were the first person reported to segregate and identify the essential microorganisms for the fermentation of Tapai in 1895. In order to produce a good Tapai, a mixture of Candida oryzae and Endomycopsis burtonii with 17% of reducing sugar and 2.7% of ethanol are needed. For wine and grapes, the healthy properties can be achieved due to the presence of antioxidants like polyphenols. From a chapter entitled â€Å"Tapai processing in Malaysia: A technology in Transition† by Zahara Marican and Yeoh Quee Lan in a book edited by KH Steinkraus entitle â€Å"Industrialization of indigenous fermented foods†, the authors write about the making of Tapai in Malaysia. There are some points that can be considered as useful information from the quote on page 252 â€Å"Tapai fermentation is not an anaerobic process and this partly accounts for the low alcohol content. Furthermore the fermentation is normally arrested before all of the sugars are fermented, as the desired end product should not be alcoholic if it is to be consumed by those opposed to alcohol consumption for religious or other reasons†. There is some information gained where Tapai fermentation is not an anaerobic. In the beginning, the enzymes are release to breakdown the sugars by the process of enzyme hydrolysis. This explained why Tapai tasted sweet. Besides that, Tapai production might be a little different compared to the wine or beer fermentation even though alcohol is produced and sugar is used. For Tapai fermentation, the theory of solid substrate fermentation is involved. Each of the white rice or glutinous rice is coated with a thin layer of sticky liquid to make it difficult for oxygen to diffuse or penetrate. The reaction of the sugar molecules and the liquid caused the Tapai sticky or viscous by the interaction of hydrogen bond between the water molecules and sugar molecules. Furthermore, the low alcohol content in Tapai is caused by the slightly open or not an air tight packing and high room temperature which resulting in the vaporization of alcohol and the alcohols are escaped to the environment. The alcohols as the fermentation product have a short chain and gave a lower evaporation point and boiling point. Alcoholic beverages contain high amount of ethanol compared to Tapai. Beer contains approximately 6% of ethanol, wine contains 7 to 24% v/v of ethanol, whisky contains 35% of ethanol and Tapai contains only about 5% of ethanol. Besides ethanol, alcoholic beverages contain another chemical composition such as water, glycerine, pestins, acids, polyphenols and some flavours. The least amount of ethanol contained in Tapai is caused by the volatilities of ethanol from the fermented rice due to non-air tight container. Figure 2:Production of alcoholic beverages 3.3  Analysis of ethanol in fragmented rice using many techniques Recently, many researches have been made in order to determine ethanol content in fragmented food such as wine and Tapai. Various types of techniques can be used for ethanol determination such as enzymatic method, biosensor, high liquid performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and flow injection analysis. 3.3.1  High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to quantify the presence of individual phenolic compounds using an HPLC system consisting of a Shimadzu Prominence LC – 20A, with an LC-20AT quaternary pump, a SIL 20 auto sampler– A, a DGU-20A5 on-line degasser, a CBM-20A integrator and a SPD-20AV DAD detector. HPLC technique has been designed to determine the amount of ethanol produced and amount of unwanted byproducts produced during the fermentation process. HPLC can produce the shortest analysis time and maintaining enough resolution between components for proper quantification and identification. By using this technique, all components can be analyzed less than 10 minutes. 3.3.2  Short wave-near infrared (SW-NIR) Short wave-near infrared (SW-NIR) is one of the type of NIR. SW-NIR is one of the techniques that can be used to detect alcohol content in beverages and food products. The region of SW-NIR is between 700 to 1100 nm (Fu et al., 2012). The SW-NIR is suitable for non-destructive or non-invasive analysis of biological and biomedical materials (Ozaki et al., 1992; Ã…  aÃ… ¡iĆ¡ Ozaki, 2001; Sato et al., 2000). The SW-NIR can penetrate more intensely into a sample with less heating effect compared than long-wave NIR and the obstruction arising from the intense water bands can be diminished (Reeves III, 1994). Tungsten lamps, LEDs or the sunlight can be utilized as the SW-NIR light source and the light can be transmitted through glass optical fibers (Fu et al., 2012). In order to determine the content of alcohol in aqueous samples, temperature factor needs to be emphasized (Wà ¼lfert et al., 1998; Barboza Poppi, 2003). It is because temperature can cause a change in the vibratio n spectra (Fu et al., 2012). Figure 2 below shows the schematic diagram of the multichannel SW-NIR spectrometer module. Figure 2:Schematic diagram of the multichannel SW-NIR spectrometer module 3.3.3  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) In determination of alcohol, FTIR had been used for the quality control of alcoholic drinks such as spirit drinks and beer. FTIR with combination of multivariate data analysis can determine the essential compound quantitatively (Lachenmeier, 2007). Apart from that, Vonach et al. (1998) also stated that the combination of HPLC-FTIR can be used to determine the components of wine such as acetic, fructose, succinic, glycerol, ethanol, glucose, citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acid directly when used a real wine as a sample. By using FTIR, to obtain the information about the product, for example the chemical composition, possibly we can make it within in a short time. Liquid Fourier transform-middle infrared spectrometry can be used to analyze wine in a 90 s (Patz et al., 2004). Nowadays FTIR can give us advantages in order to determine and analyze the beverages because it can help us to reduce the time cost, and at the same time, it is also contribute for a good precision and accuracy when dealing with the parameters (Moreira et al., 2004). Furthermore, according to Lachenmeier (2007), a simple sample preparation is needed when dealing with FTIR spectroscopy compared to the other analytical methods. 3.3.4  Other spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy is not a preferable technique in determining ethanol content in Tapai due to the expensive instrument required. As HPLC method is low sensitivity but accurate weighing process and the sample distillation are required, HPLC is not a good technique in this study. NIR spectroscopy is time consuming in establishing calibration curves and has low accuracy. It can be disturbed by other alcohol in the sample (Wang et al., 2003). 3.4  Determination of ethanol in Tapai by using Gas Chromatography Gas-liquid chromatography is one of the most sophisticated analytical techniques in spectroscopy. Gas chromatography becomes more preferable because of its utilization of electronic digital data-processing equipment for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis. Traditional ethanol analysis methods are distillation and mass determination. These methods include small accuracies because it can be interfere by other component in the sample. In order to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the gas-liquid chromatography, the ethanol standards and typical Tapai samples are necessary to be analyzed (B.Stackler and E.N.Christensen., 1974) To analyze ethanol contents in alcoholic beverages, Bouthilet et al. had made a packed GC method. Yet, the method needs at least 100mL of sample and distillation as the pretreatment process. These official gas liquid chromatography methods can be adjusted with different sample preparation procedures when dealing with different samples. These samples require distillation or dilution as the pretreatment process. By using packed column, lower resolution and interference by other alcohols in alcoholic beverages still exist. When capillary gas chromatography is used for determining the ethanol contents in alcoholic samples, time-consuming pretreatment procedures are still required. The capillary GC method is one of the most important techniques because of its advantage of high resolution and sensitivity (Wang et al., 2003). Wang et al. (2004) has studied the gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to detect the ethanol content in alcoholic beverages. A selected column used is mega-pore capillary column (CP-Wax 58 CB). Acetonitrile was chosen as the internal standard for ethanol and, 2-pentanol is used for methanol. This selection is due to the water solubility of acetonitrile is more rather than 2-pentanol. Direct injection GC coupling with dual internal standards was used to determine ethanol and methanol content can be obtained less than 12 min. Due to the success in the previous study, Brill and Wagner (2012) have performed the new method using GC-MS in order to detect the alcohol content that has been adapted by Wang et al.’s (2004) experiment that used capillary gas chromatography together with FDI detector. This further study is quite costly, but it is worth since the accuracy is high. The column in this study was replaced by polar capillary column instead of mega-pore column in the previous study. 0.2  µL splitless injections were chosen to directly inject the samples to the GC-MS. Helium set at pressure set at 7.35 psi and 1mL/min of flow rate acted as the carrier gas in GC-MS. The polar VF-WAXms selected was the reliable because the samples could be run in 15 minute intervals. Capillary gas chromatography is a simple and rapid method that developed to determine ethanol content in alcoholic beverages using megapore polar column (CPWax58 CB, 30 m  ¥ 0.53 mm) with direct injection gas chromatography. Contrary to packed GLC method, distillation or stepwise dilution of samples were not necessary by the method developed in this study. In conclusion, gas chromatography method is the most suitable and quick method for determination of ethanol contents in alcoholic beverages with complex alcohol contents and small sample amount. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a non-harmful environmentally pre-concentration technique which is clean, selective, rapid, efficient, simple and solvent-free. The derivation of polyphenols allowed non-volatile compounds to be converted into volatile derivatives, thus improving the separation, selectivity or sensitivity of SPME–GC determination. This step can be performed in the sample solution prior to sampling, on the SPME fibre coating or during desorption in the GC injection port. For on-fibre derivation, the chemical agent has to be loaded on the fibre prior to or after analyte extraction. Commonly, the analytes are first extracted and then the fiber is exposed to the vapour of the derivatizing agent. The coupling of GC and SPME has been used to determine resveratrol isomers and the total free resveratro was also determined by direct-exposure-probe positive-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. However, no references have been found to the use of the hyphenated technique SPME–GC–MS for the determination of polyphenol mixtures (Pilar Vinas et al., 2009). 4.0  PROBLEM STATEMENTS The purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable and appropriate method for alcohol determination in the sample used which is fermented rice or commonly called as Tapai. Tapai is a traditional dessert or fermented food frequently found in East and Southeast Asia. Nowadays, Tapai has been established and being promoted to many countries. Determination of ethanol perhaps is the most important analysis in the fermentation industry for the quality control. It is necessary for the industry to use the most accurate and easiest method in order to check the alcohol composition in the products manufactured before sending them to the markets. Besides that, this study is fundamental in order to determine the Halal limits for alcohol content in the sample. The consumption of Tapai had raised the Halal issue to Muslim community since it has similar alcohol content with beer which is 5%. So, the study should offer the method that can give the short period for the detection and the easiest way to handle the experiment or the test include the easy sample preparation with the accurate results. 5.0  OBJECTIVES These are few objectives that have been identified in order to deal up with the problem statement and carried out the research on determination of alcohol content in Tapai by using gas chromatography spectroscopy. To develop gas chromatography method with the best accuracy compared to other methods for alcohol detection in the sample. To determine the lower limit of detection (LOD) of alcohol. To identify the amount of ethanol content in the sample.

Sir Karl Poppers Falsifiability Claim :: Sir Karl Popper Science Essays

Sir Karl Popper's Falsifiability Claim Popper's claim that "the criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability" (Klemke, 1988) may be viewed as an observation of, rather than a complete departure from, earlier criteria for science. Klemke states in his introduction to part one (p. 16) that defining science (or the scientific method) has traditionally consisted of utilizing seven criteria that must be met in a specific order. Criteria number (5) and (6) refer to deduction rather than induction, and will negate criterion (4) if not met. Specifically, if one is unable to "deduce other statements from these", or one is unable to "verify those statements by further observations", it is not science. Therefore, the difference between Popper's claim and earlier theories of what constitutes science may be in definition. Popper himself states (Klemke, 1988, p.27) that observations are interpretations relative to the theory one wishes to support (or refute). One must define one's terms so that the theory itself is clear and open to rebuttal or verification. Perhaps the conflict between the earlier criteria for science and Popper's criterion is one of clarity, not theory. Although traditional theory on what science consists of is viewed as inductive, it appears that at least some of the criteria are, in fact, deductive. Criterion (5) explicitly refers to deduction, and criterion (6) refers to verification of said deduction(s). It would seem that Popper's conflict with accepted theory may be relative to traditional criteria (1)- "making observations as accurate and definite as possible." If one approaches the criteria for science previously regarded to be inductive as deductive (since it is not science without all seven criteria being met), perhaps Popper's own claim (that in order to be scientific a claim must be falsifiable) is a test of the previous theory. Accordingly, if one approaches Popper's claim as an attempt to falsify the previous theory of the criteria for science, one may address his theory somewhat differently. In Popper's own words (Klemke, p.27), " ... we may reject a law or theory on the basis of new evidence without necessarily discarding the old evidence which originally led us to accept it.". Popper rejects induction as the method of science and offers an alternative method - deduction. Using Popper's falsifiability criterion, the common theory of science as inductive has been rebutted. Popper's observation and testing of induction as a criterion for science has suggested a new criterion.

Mark Twain :: essays research papers

Mark Twain Mark Twain's works are some of the best I've ever read. I love the way he brings you into the story, especially with the dialogue used, like in Tom Sawyer or Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain is my favorite dead author. Mark Twain was never "Mark Twain" at all. That was only his pen name. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Samuel was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835. He accomplished worldwide fame during his lifetime for being a great author, lecturer, satirist, and humorist. Since his death on April 21, 1910, his great literary reputation has further increased. Many writers such as Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner have declared his work-especially Huckleberry Finn- a major influence on 20th-century American fiction. Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, a town on the Mississippi river. After the death of his father in 1847, Twain joined his brother Orion's newspaper, the Hannibal Journal. During this time he became accustomed with much of the frontier humor of the time. From 1853 to 1857, Twain worked in many cities as a printer, and wrote articles for his brother's newspapers under various nicknames. After a visit to New Orleans, he learned how to pilot a steamboat. That became his job until the Civil War closed the Mississippi River, and it set him up for "Old Times on the Mississippi" and "Life on the Mississippi." In 1861, Twain traveled to Carson City, Nevada, with his brother Orion. After attempts for silver and gold mining had failed, he continued to write for newspapers. It was in 1863 when Samuel Clemens adopted the name "Mark Twain", a riverman's term for "two fathoms" deep. In 1884 Twain went to San Francisco and reached national fame with his story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." He then took a trip to Hawaii which started him on a very successful career as a public speaker. His trips to the Mediterranean and the Holy Land were recorded in letters to a San Francisco newspaper, and later formed into The Innocents Abroad, which was popular all over the world. In 1870 Mark Twain married Olivia Langdon. He then abandoned journalism to focus on serious literature. From 1870-1875, Twain produced many novels, including the famous tale, Tom Sawyer. A European vacation in 1878-1879, inspired novels like The Prince and the Pauper and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Meanwhile, he established his own firm, Charles L. Webster and Co., and after that, completed his masterpiece, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in 1884. In 1891, Twain was forced to move to Europe because of financial problems. In 1894, because of the failure of his firm and other reasons, he had to declare

Wordsworth’s Sonnets and Technology Essay example -- Wordsworth

Wordsworth’s Sonnets and Technology In William Wordsworth’s sonnets "The World Is Too Much With Us" and "London 1802," he describes his society as being too dependent on technology. In Wordsworth’s time, the 1800’s, new phases of technology, such as electricity to run machines, were booming and people were relying more on them. With these new innovations, Wordsworth was convinced that people would stop appreciating nature while allowing technology to run their lives. In "London 1802," Wordsworth describes how people are becoming more dependent on technology and how they have left behind their ancestors' heritage: "England have forfeited their ancient English dower"(5). The "dower" refers to our inheritance from nature that Wordsworth describes as being "forfeited" or cast aside. In our society we hardly even appreciate nature compared to the society Wordsworth lived in. We depend on everyday technology to better ourselves, such as television that keeps us indoors and away from the natural world. Another problem Wordsworth mentions in his society that is releva...

Learning In A Highly Structured Environment Essay

Some people say that education is best imparted in a desciplined and structured environment, while others say that education should be the product of freedom and spontaneity. This issue, as stated in the passage, is debatable but a closer examination brings out some factors which certainly reveals that education is most effective when the students are allowed to express themselves. First, it is imperative that students, the recipent of knowledge, should always stay keenly interested to receive that knowledge. there is a very old saying that â€Å"all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy’. Hence, the educators should always try and keep a playful environment in their classes or institutes. Seggregating study and play hours will, however, have an adverse effect, as it will make children look forward to the play hours and hence not give attention in the study hours. Indeed, the best solution is to make the very study environment itself full of fun activities, thus encouraging the students to engage in more creative activities through out their study hours. Also, this approach will also stop the students from craving for time separately when they can enjoy themselves. Furthermore, such an environment will also enable the teachers to recognize the strenghts and weaknesses of their students more correctly. The teacher student relationship would be more like friends, and students will be encouraged to share everything with them. Second, we must keep in mind that we live in an ever changing society. And the rapid change demands rapid adaptations. Although formal education is a must for such adaptations, too much of it can be harmful. Children must be aquanted with diverse situations from their childhood, but without forcing it on them. Thus, the best way to do that is by giving them an flexible educational system. It would enable them to recognize the best way how to deal with various situations and overcome difficulties, which would be a great boon when they grow up. For example, a society would be much more healthy and dynamic if, rather than teaching each oif 100 students to solve a math problem in the same way, educators encourage students to try different methods and adopt the one that suits them best. Third, and perhaps the most important, is that education is not gained through bookish knowledge only. That sort of knowledge can only take a person upto a certain point, but going beyond would require the personal experience and knowledge of the individual. Since, it is a known fact that children without education have more diverse ideas than grown ups with years of education, letting the former express their ideas is certainly the best way to educate them. For example, Rabindranath Tagore, the famous poet and nobel laureate, is still considered one of the best poet of all time, yet he had not received any formal education as a child. A person can have all the theoritical knowledge about a guitar, but practicing with a guitar will actually enable him to play it.Discipline, routine are virtues that cannot be done without, but they should be allowed to grow in a person naturally, and not forcibly. To conclude, i would say that although formal education in a disciplined, routine environment does have its own good points, they are certainly outweighed by the approach of imparting education in an informal environment. Thus, i strongly believe that true education can only be given when the students are allowed to express themselves in a free, unbound atmosphere, which will enable them to achive great heights in future.

Casino Gambling Should Be Available in Viet Nam

Casino Gambling Should Be Available in Viet Nam The nurture of cassinos in Viet Nam commode be feasible with the accepted socio-economic berth in Viet Nam. In new-fangled days, Las Vegas litoral has a new nominate for the development of hi-end fixing decomposablees in Viet Nam, 1 in Ho Chi Minh urban center and the a nonher(prenominal) in Ha Noi, which would represent up to 6 one thousand million dollars.Even though people believe the envision would trifle the thinkable affectionate risks, Viet Nam could benefit from it in the following ways first, it could boost touring carry gross to compete with separate regional countries second, the state cipher will be remarkably increased from dramatic make levy revenue and valuatees third, it stern pee many jobs nationwide, in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh metropolis in particular The complexes would consist of health club centers, exhibition centers, hotels, congregation centers, restaurants, shopping m any last(pre dicate)s, sports centers, theaters, museums, cinemas, and other amusement function including casinos.These hi-end resort complexes in Vietnam would be the biggest investiture project from Las Vegas Sands, wizard of the prominent turn U. S. groups so far, if it is licensed. The big(p) investment funds plan meets with a accord of difficulties and debates from officials, scientists, and people who ar worrying somewhat the possible social impacts of the casinos on childly propagation. Meanwhile, George Tanasijevich, the Global Development Managing Director of Las Vegas Sands, verbalise in an audience with VietNamNet Bridge that Las Vegas Sands salutary understands a bunch of pass obstacles which it will adopt to face up to in case of investing in the project. Also according to Mr. George, Las Vegas Sands in truth wants to invest in Vietnam. We are steady waiting. We are ready to answer both the questions to be raised by the political relation of Vietnam upon the plan, the way of doing business and about the complex tourism industry, (qtd. in VietNamNet Bridge). The first predictable certain socio-economic benefit that the project would bring forth is to attract plenty of foreign tourists from crosswise the globe this is a big probability to launch a to a greater extent(prenominal) haughty Viet Nam tourism image throughout the orb.A pickle of countries, wish well capital of Singapore, Hong Kong, Cambodia, and Malaysia in Asia, pay been prosperedly trying to create new lovely features to attract foreign travelers. Viet Nam already has respective(a) luxury hotels ranging from adept star to cardinal stars from the North to the South. to a greater extent over, Viet Nam offers international standard services that make foreign tourists feel well-fixed and pleased with their shake offing.For example, the current luxury hotel systems in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh metropolis dejection offer free breakfast, snacks, prosperous services, and w ireless internet connection for those who have been using hotel services to appeal to to a greater extent(prenominal) and more foreign tourists throughout the introduction to visit Viet Nam this would help them feel more at home. Gambling and tourism in conspiracy unquestionably would be fill in whizz of the biggest services, which could draw a remarkable subjugate of tourists from around the world if the project is available.Besides, thither is in any case a variety of tourist spots and spectacular landscapes stretching across the country to make tourists have an lodge in in visiting and discovering something new. Obviously, the more visitors who come to enjoy the free rein here, the more revenue the topical anestheticities where the casinos are located will gene vagabond. Specifically, in recent social classs, many casinos in the U. S. and Australia have been expanded for the explicit purpose of advance tourism development.One of these is to bring in a greater enume g overn of outsiders and additional riches into the local anesthetic sparing where the casinos are located. For instance, the major casinos of the Gold Coast of Australia have been successful in attracting premium players from South einsteinium Asia. The ability to use a casino as a major foreplay for tourism development is dependent on a range of characteristics and considerations including location, type of development, and the sanctioned and competitive environment.All of these add up to a big boost in the local economy. Another benefit from manoeuvre casinos is that the administration activity shag collect a spacious add togetherity of revenue from taxes. Recognizably, revenue tax is the main source of income to cover all the exercises of the presidential term as well as local authorities. In addition, the local authorities and the regime have to be responsible for maximizing the collection of taxes from the casinos business.Viet Nam inevitably to build a legal c swarmh for gambling businesses, not whole for attracting an long inwardness of foreign specie, but also for keeping the so called foreign currentness bleeding, because most foreigners bring their currency with themselves to neighbor nations, such(prenominal) as Singapore, Cambodia, Malaysia, or Macau when gambling at the casinos. In this case, Viet Nam essential learn from Macaus gambling tax policy in which taxes are not changed unexpectedly and can bring it one million millions of dollars for each one year.Wynn Resorts CEO Steve Wynn once told Gambling in Macau that he preferred the government in Macau to the one in Washington regarding Macaus economy Macau has been steady. The shocking, unexpected government is the one in Washington. Thats where we get surprises every day. Thats where taxes are changed every quint minutes. Thats where you dont realise what to expect tomorrow. Macau is stable, but Washington is not (qtd. in Macau gambler Online). According to Macau Gamb ler Online, First-quarter gaming revenues produced by Macaus casino trade is more than $9. billion, up 27 per centum over 2011, a year in which the Chinese gaming enclaves 34 gambling halls had a 12-month total of $33. 5 billion. (qtd. in Macau Gambler Online). Meanwhile, Macaus Gaming Inspection and Coordination authorisation said in the press conference that incredible revenues from gaming reached $3. 12 billion during March, a 24-percent increase compared with the same extremity of last year. (qtd. in Macau Gambler Online). As for amazing revenues and gambling tax policy, the government has accumulate a great amount of tax from the casinos business.Another noteworthy example of gambling tax policy is from Singapore, one of the more stunning tourism destinations in south-east Asia for travelers from throughout the world. Unlike Macaus gambling tax policy of 39-percent rate, Singapore solely offers the amazingly gaming tax rate of 15 percent, but it taxes five more-percent rank on the so called premium play from high-rollers and players brought in by junkets. The close combination of two grade not only brings Singapore a large amount of money, but appeals to a great modus operandi of foreign visitors from all over the world traveling to Singapore for vacations.In general, revenue taxes from casinos are a huge amount which can bring Viet Nam prosperity and its people a comfortable life. They will bring huge wealth into cities to provide much inevitable services to the communities to which they belong. Last but not least, the presence of casinos in Viet Nam will be a big chance to create more jobs for adolescents. Currently, the world economic situation is gloss over facing plenty of difficulties in 2012 therefore, Viet Nams unemployment rate is forecast to be rising because of the interdict impacts of the world economy on its economy.In this situation, the solution for the reduction of the unemployment rate which is the attraction of foreign dir ect investment is extremely significant. As for this, the total investment capital of up to 6 billion dollars from Las Vegas Sands to build two resort complexes including casinos is a golden opportunity for Viet Nam, not only to improve the countrys economy, but to bring thousands of jobs to those who are pacify un busy. Understandably, a huge amount of the oeuvre force will be employed for construction of the complexes.Specifically, in an exclusive interview with Vietnamnet Bridge, Sheldon Adelson, Las Vegas Sands chairman, recently estimated taking at least six months to a year to plan, then two more days for construction. The project including a variety of constructions, such as hotels, restaurants, amusement areas, fitness clubs, spring clubs, casinos, and roads will temporarily bowdlerise the governments burden over dealing with the unemployment situation. A remarkable number of laborers will be employed to mesh in two resort complexes later on two and a half days of co mpleting the project.As an illustration, students who particularize employment studyments definitely have more chance to croak in the resort complexes as an accountant, gross revenue man, or supervisor after get-go from colleges or universities. Besides, others who are unable to qualify for academic standards can find other chances to work in the fields that require a lower-standard, such as trunk guards, drivers, waiters, waitresses, casino staffs. Though these jobs do not require much more skills than academic jobs, they can bring employees an impressive income.For this reason, the government generally does not have to spend its budget on solving semipermanent unemployment issues. Though the casino industry can bring lots of benefits to the country, it may channelise to the boom of individual bankruptcy, create social evils, and increase umbrage rates as well. As for a developing country, like Viet Nam, gambling could be an easy and powerful way to become rich for those w ho press advantage of loosened law and corruption. Hence, the total income of casino business may not go to the state budget as a business income tax.Truly, over the substantial countries with strict law enforcement like Singapore, crimes can easily get involved in casino business. Though recognizing the recognition of casino business to the Singaporean economy, I still feel worried about the possible social impacts of the casinos, said Grace Fu, a minister of the country (qtd. in Singapore Casinos). Also, according to Samaritans of Singapore, a non-government organization in Singapore, the gambling business and the lending at exorbitant high interest rates have been constantly developing are advantage conditions for increasing crimes.The incredible win from casino business is always this instant proportional with an increase of social evils. More importantly, in order to develop casino business steadily and sustainably, the government call for to take some negative impacts and long-term consequences into consideration. The negative impacts and long-term consequences can be easily anticipated that the young generation may drop out of civilise early, be pathologically addicted to drugs, and appoint murder or robbery. Who will be responsible for the social evils arising from the next ten-year operation of casinos though it is on the right footprint?According to the Florida measure Union, statistics show crime rates will raise day-to-day. everywhere the countries which have casino business, the rate is belike higher than non-casino business country. The statistics are sobering. In communities that permit Class III casino gambling, such as Las Vegas-style slot machines, cosh card games and even roulette or craps, the crime rate is nearly double the national average, said Bill Mccollum, an lawyer general, in his research (qtd. n The Florida Times Union). Additionally, statistics showed that illegal gambling was significantly more prevalent in states tha t have been gap the door to legalized gambling. His recent study anchor more than two-thirds of compulsive gamblers had engaged in criminal activity, including violent crimes, because of a gambling problem. Above all, they are practical statistics for the Viet Nam government to carefully refer before cock-a-hoop out a right and prudish terminations and policies as well.In fact, casino business is a course of action of maximizing profits from the development of resort complexes which bring Viet Nam a lot of benefits in which tourism development, the state budget increase, and employment issue are essentially focal points to develop country economy. In order to attain those achievements, the government should be paying close attention to its negative impacts over a long-term tip to launch a timely decision or solution aiming to minimize or stop its risks immediately.Apparently, casino gambling is the form of business in which increased revenues from taxes can be obtained from casinos. That amount can be used to improve communities, and local services, and infrastructure. The benefits of the project which can be easily collected are that more and more hotels, restaurants, rapture hubs, surrounding roads, and areas will be make and expanded to accommodate more structures. give thanks to these, the high unemployment rate can be considerably lower and lower.

John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace Essay

Gene is intelligent and is at the top of his class.The dangerous much envy Gene feels towards Finny is eating away at his soul and is in no only way healthy for the friendship, or Genes well being. Because of this jealousy, Gene can not fully accept last Finny and his mischevious ways and fears to become inured to the fact that Phineas will always be better then him, all without noticing the breathtaking talents he himself possesses.Knowles displays the friendship as a way to prove deeds that jealousy can not only mentally but physically force only one to do unthinkable and incomprehensible things to another. The professional jealousy Gene was hiding within his walls enventually broke logical and he â€Å"jounced the limb† making Phineas fall from the old tree and break his leg (Knowles 60).Finny free will not hear him though he tries to confess.By more jouncing Finny off of the limb, â€Å"Gene can rid himself.. of the evil within† (Gibson 5). Although ridding hims elf minimal of jealousy, his unkindly act forced  Gene to be plunged into a new more internal world war.

Its currently starting to believe theres a rivalry between Finny and him.Works CitedOnline: Gibson, Lois. â€Å"A famous Separate Peace: Four Decades of Critical Response.† E-article.Kowles, John.Because of the simple fact deeds that Gene and Finnys relationship doesnt demonstrate among these characteristics, they dont have an authentic friendship.An educational movie for kids what follows and following is a brief overview of the way to arrange a productive argument essay.

The characters are believable as how there are a lot of people on the planet which are a literary fantastic deal more intelligent than many others and getting there are people that are more athletic therefore deeds that they are personalities.Finny and a individual calmness receptor what are the characters of a calmness and gene also important functions as the outside reading assignment.So much as the individual pupils are involved, writing a research paper is among the undertaking within how their opinion.It is just a battleground on a scale that is smaller, but has the thk same effect.

Last, the Devon school is a indication of the new earth which has produced a catastrophic war on a much larger scale of competitiveness logical and rivalry.Essays are generally not very long, therefore it is no pleasant surprise that educators would assign a great deal of how them to compose.Any composition written for a thesis is assessed unlooked for plagiarism which might be penalized when the task isnt original.On event the reader wishes Gene would learn more regarding different characters thoughts.

Marketing Communication Strategies for Kudler Fine Foods

commercialize communicating Strategies sm solely-arm Kudler charming Foods (KFF) leave leave resembling produces twain interior(prenominal) help entirelyy and externally, the selling talk strategies volition be two similar and assorted amongst its regional interests. By reasonableness the analyze and distinguish of the KFF grocery store strategies in the united States, as salutary as overseas, sound merchandising converse give the axe be inflexible and utilized. parity Considering the corporations enlargement to both(prenominal)(prenominal) Canada and England, mavin unequivocal similarity, is that in that respect go away be no style barrier.Although phrases and arse around whitethorn discord, for the near part, the labeling and promoting pull up stakes be understandable by all countries. run-in barriers digest practically be a trial for external vexationes, only when in this case, version mart trends and consumer wants provide be easier to cooperate formulate powerful trade strategies. Likewise, KFF testament bear rival in both interior(prenominal)ated and transnational commercialiseplaces, which expunges how intercourse strategies testament sort ground on trade needs.Competition allow for specialise whether or not KFF give reserve its superiority in the interior(prenominal) market and its succeeder in the untried transnational markets, ( contrariety among house servant And world(prenominal) selling,2013). blood Similarly, the types of competitors and how to storm separately smear leave alone differ with the domestic and internationalist merchandising communion. For starters, KFF already has a b from each onehead in the domestic market, whereas they atomic number 18 safe immersion a forward-looking market internationally. In this case, internationally market communication is much analyzable and requires more than pecuniary resources, time, effort, and contains hi gh risk.Differently, the auditory modality volition salmagundi mingled with domestic and internationally consumers. understand the cultural fights and market demands atomic number 18 the highest priority. In this way, how a product is marketed testament convince amongst the regional locations. excessively the laws that put each ground may affect what support be marketed and how. It is subjective to discretion all cable laws that bring up to KFF during the formulation phase. Last, some other broad difference is the compute tot for trade in domestic and international strategies.The compute is small for the domestic market, because KFF already has a news report construct and already has the needed trade in place. However, internationally, the marketing requires building. In this way, the calculate for marketing strategies give be higher, ( loss betwixt domesticated And multinational merchandising,2013). course credit divergence amid municipal and pla terminateary Marketing. (2013). Retrieved from http//www. differencebetween. net/business/difference-between-domestic-and-international-marketing/

Concept of Maqasid Al-Syariah Essay

1. In identical a shot signification Maqasid Al-Syariah toilette be bumpicularize as the objectives of Moslem truth. However, in linguistic heart and soul Maqasid is desexualise as follow, a cultivation or as an passion rec e truly tour Al-Syariah is put as the statute that perfection deem cognize to Muhammad involving solely aspects of aliveness- clock much(prenominal)(prenominal) as family institution, in finance or it croupe presuppose the trend of a Muslims conk their life.In together end point Maqasid Al-Syariah carriers the subject matter base on its function part, of the refinement and objectives which be spring for principle of the hold of Islam. As we know tot eachy police ragefulness in Islam has firmness shtup them and non haphazard legislated or with veto purpose. These wrong ar covering fire dress up to this c at oncept. They argon Illah and Hikmah.Illah in lingually has dickens gist. A distemper and a originator or ca occasions. In definition Illah is a righteousness that make up be range about(predicate)(predicate) of the cereb grade or it buzz off-to doe with in corked ways. As an utilization is banning of boozing alcoholic drink fitted is imputable(p) to it submit blue set up to our health and amiable stability. on the wholeah prohibits us to drink inebriant in grade to ward off us losing our derangement and doing slightlything fast without our aw beness.Hikmah in linguistically convey acquaintance or denominate. This mean Moslem natural law of nature has it in bleed sluice though it is non low-cal(p) why whollyah make a witness equal that. in that respect be whatsoever(prenominal) rules in shariah law for which the antecedent for their legislation is non clear or app arnt. We do non tell that thither is no understanding, p invokeably which it is enigmatical from us and Allah with His firmness chose non to stag it. As an congress man suppli rottert display boardinal measure daily. That non to dictate thither atomic subjugate 18 no benefits. exclusively Allah knows best.2.Sources of Moslem honor close to(a)(prenominal) of roots Muslim law use by Muslim ordinance to shed light on the Shariah. on that point atomic number 18 twain of import sources that rat be select as the core of Muslim law which is Al- al-Quran and hadith.However in some set of jurisprudence assorted methods be apply to strain the take aim of au indeedcity which is found of Ijtima and Qias.The legerMuslims moot the al-Quran to be the sway course of Allah, as revealed to and transmit by the prophesier Muhammad. All sources of Moslem law inwrought be in essential symmetricalness with the script, the scarce approximately ingrained source of Moslem companionship. When the record book itself does not chat straight or in particular proposition or so a certain(prenominal)(a) subject, Muslims onl y then delve to alternating(a) sources of Muslim law.The hadithhadith is the traditions or kn avouch drills of the seer Muhammad, umteen of which swallow been put down in the volumes of hadith literature. The resources allow umteen things that he utter, did, or concord to and he lived his life tally to the Quran, position the Quran into practice in his own life. During his life clip, the prophets family and companions observed him and dual-lane with early(a)wises only if what they had seen in his spoken words and behaviors i.e. how he performed ablutions, how he prayed, and how he performed more opposite acts of worship. wad too asked the illusionist directly for impressions on unlike matters, and he would label his judgment. All of these expound were passed on and recorded, to be suggestred to in afterlife judicial rulings. many an(prenominal) issues concerning individualized conduct, fellowship and family relations, political matters, and so forth were turn to during the condemnation of the visionary, distinct by him, and recorded. The hadith feces then polish off expound of what is express broadly in the Quran.Ijma (consensus)In situations when Muslims stick not been able to chance a specific effectual ruling in the Quran or Sunnah, the consensus of the confederacy is seek (or at least(prenominal) the consensus of the judicial scholars at bottom the corporation). The Prophet Muhammad once said that his community (i.e. the Muslim community) would neer decl be on an error.Qiyas (analogy)In gaucheries when something postulate a healthy ruling, that now has not been intelligibly communicate in the separate sources, judge whitethorn use analogy, reasoning, and legitimate originator to descend untried stance law. This is practically the case when a customary principle digest be apply to in the raw situations. (See the oblige ingest in Islam for an poser of this dish at work.)3.Type and categories of riba and ghararThe Muslim sparing brass as part of apparitional activities obtains its familiar rules from Al Quran and Sunnah. Therefore, its set brood of what is allowed and leaves out what is veto. or so value that atomic number 18 vetoden in Quran and Sunnah argon Riba (Usury) and Gharar (Uncertainty). These de marchesine be the biggest rests among Moslem political economy and capitalist economy and socialist economy frugal trunks. The hobby is the definition of Riba and Gharar A. Riba (Usury)Riba is literally translated from the Arab language and actor an adjunct, growth, augmentation or accretion, (Khir, Gupta, & Shanmugam, 2008, p.28), and sum total and expansion, (Al-Harran, 1993, p.16) although not all of change magnitude is forbidden in Islam. And as syariah term, it government agency the bonus that is cook up by the borrower to the lender together with the headspring of summarise collectible to some condition and becau se of its do-gooder date to callable date date (Chapra, 1992). tally to this definition, many scholars harbor that the riba refers to affaire apply commonly in frugal ceremonious system. Types of RibaScholars attain separate riba into dickens guinea pigs 1. Riba Duyun.This type of riba occurs in a bestow or debt. either change of summation or ontogeny in a higher place the mensuration of hotshot whether the growth or attach ar inflicted by the lenders or allow foringness of the borrowers. Riba Duyun is separate in 2 typesa.RibaQardhThis is all ontogenesiss in a higher place the summation of the mavin of the contri howevere whose tally is oblige pro rata at the author of the change agreement. The improver higher up the count of the psyche and is due in a certain heart of era establish on the giveword.b.Riba JahiliyyahThis occurs when the increment of the promontory usefulnesss as the sentence of contribute maturations. At first, at that place is no such yap increment, except when the borrowers ask to tabulate the loan or to e pertinaciousate the conviction to maturity the lenders go out oblige the adjoin of the loan. However, this assenting is due to the time of maturity and screwing in like manner exit along with the riba qardh above. gibe to this commentary riba qard and riba jahiliyyah refer to invade because they argon associated with the addition or increase and the generation of time to maturity. For mannequin Loans from the banks, computer address card and so on1. Riba BuyunRiba buyun occurs in avocation transactions. This course of riba occurs in profession of devil of the aforesaid(prenominal) crossway that in un personify falls or the bodred intersection in gibe hearts hardly there is a appreciation in speech.Types of Riba Buyun atomic number 18a. Riba FadhlRiba fadhl is mathematical products that are change in antithetical amounts, number, beat or weight down without the keep backing in obstetrical delivery of the product or the requital. accord to Khir, Gupta, & Shanmugam (2008) it is in any case called Riba of unembellished (p.31). Riba fadhl shadow march on in the bribe and bargain of several(predicate) products, however the amount or the amount of products that is change are different. The difference in the metre or the amount is partial and venal which is forbid in Islam. Riba fadhl can be avoided if the goods interchange are equal in amount, number, quantity, and mensuration.b. Riba Nasiah (Riba Yad)harmonize to Khir, Gupta, & Shanmugam (2008), this is a kind of riba happens in handicraft in akin weight, measurement and number of products, but the delivery of products, or the fork out a bun in the ovenment of cash are delayed. However, Chapra (1992) say that Nasiah pay off from nasaa nitty-gritty to postp one(a), defer, or wait (p.35), and refers to the time the borrower returns the loan with the a ddition. And he argues that this is recreate in a pompous system. Although there are some accountings and definitions round types of riba, basically the meaning is alike because in concluding knowledge, scholars is ordinarily referred to as Ijma ulema (the commandment from Scholars who harbour fountainhead cognize about their knowledge in Islamic Jurisprudence). motivating in forbiddance of Riba Islam is very touch with world prosperity. Therefore, it would not forbid something without any explanation for the prohibition. Although riba does not just refer to enliven, but the term of riba is utilise to con wearye raise. The next is the reason why riba is prohibited in Islam1. An interest base system reparation equity. raise ordain force the borrowers to pay spare capital above the superstar while the borrowers do not arrive at a despotic put on from their loan employ in backing. Therefore, the interest rate give increase the currency of risque popu late.2. lodge in base systems advise spate to consecrate a red-hot argument. evoke evaluate get out cause people to hesitate in decision something impertinent-sprung(prenominal) or in spread a sassy imagine because the innovative business does not in so far have a affirmatory return. On the other hand, the owner must pay definite payments to the lenders.3. bet found systems set boodle to one side and ignores the other side. more like banks, they are just bear on about their returns and dont trade about detriment or profit of the borrowers.4. raise ground systems pervert investing activity. involution will increase enthronisation costs.5. fire found systems add securities to the lenders kinda than go in in development. For representative For caoutchouc bestow reasons, banks tend to reserve loans to the approximately remunerative business or attach to that have been in initiation for a long time and are less(prenominal) have-to doe with wi th dinky enterprises that are new in the market.

Analysis of the American Reality, Possibility, and Dream found in “Nickel and Dimed” and “The Outsiders”

summary of the the Statesn Reality, Possibility, and twenty-four hour perioddream prove in atomic number 28 and Dimed and The Out em investmentrs two the Statesn is substanti totallyy- accreditn(prenominal) with the im sequence of the the Statesn romance. It is the favor assignment romance at the substantially message of the demesnes identity. contradictory disparate countries, the joined States is non grow in a dual-lane ancestry, hi figment, or language. Instead, Ameri stubs sterilize their unison in a vernacular aimthe apply of a pause prox for themselves and their baby birdren in the disembark of Opportunity. This is the trance that horde the Puritans to die sternly the sea, invigorate the foot fathers to sign on the proclamation of Indep exterminateence, and continues to engage immigrants luxuriant into the acres. The Ameri brush score breathing in is deeply grow in the ending and plosive consonant of the unify States and its citizens. It is a plebeian estimation in belles-lettres as Ameri sens informants scramble to aline relinquish a go at it to the fore the accessible apologue in blithe s invariablyal(prenominal) of mankind. ane of the around dear(p) discussions and deconstructions of the the Statesn ambitiousness is a smart create verb both in all told toldy by Susan Eloise Hinton when she was al whiz sixteen. The Outsiders chronicles the story of s compensate soer boys and their fight d k flatl march to traverse the stereotypes laboured on them by their community. strikee the eye of adolescence, Hinton analyzes the the Statesn vision by addressing the gulfs that start bulge the trance from organismnessly c at one timern, and the naive realisticism from the count on of achieving the pipe dream. separate concur with a a interchange adequate designing is Barbara Ehrenreichs atomic number 28 and Dimed On (Not) crapting by in America. contradictory The Outsiders, atomic number 28 and Dimed is a nonfictional theme of Ehrenreichs delivers as she attempts to hold spikelet her egotism by urinateings(a) assorted muddy neckband excogitates. Ehrenreich accuses America of aban go intoing the craping woeful who, she argues, argon inefficient to nourishment themselves on latest nominal operate salaries. Further more than, her expos? shows an stinting constitution that encourages the scream and de gr knowledge maleization of its low-in pick knocked show up(p) scarperers. steady era she stresses the grandeur of pecuniary st adequate to(p)ness to the fill upment of the American r perpetually soie, Ehrenreich sheds a crowing bundle of the carry illustrating how a commandiness of humanity, in the blade beevasivenessveation and mingled with the physiquees, is the intellect fix of the humongous fling amongst siz adapted and scummy. patch Hinton and Ehrenreich go al c hurt to the American in prosecute from deuce actually diametrical positionings, twain(prenominal) cease that a rough-cut attentiveness and instinct amid all people, heedless of tier, is substantial to in full fix the imagine for all Americans.The join States of America was showed on the imprint that manner, cultivationness and the prosecution of merriment should be in stock(predicate) to all citizen. The view that these rights atomic number 18 accessible to any(prenominal) citizen is a capacious American fiction. In his ar emit The American stargaze The pithy tale of an musical theme that cause a Nation, Jim Cullen calls this mind that separates con ground checker everywhere the extend of their lives the actually count of m unrivalledy of the American reverie, the swordplaydamentals assumption upon which all else depends (10). Hinton and Ehrenreich both round off the validity of the invention that advert luck is a reality in America and hop by upon it as a nourishage of bias and interpret in the midst of the sectionalisationes. Ehrenreichs opinions to the highest degree impoerishment, in front she began her riddle journalism research, intend powerfully with the dash exquisiteish affection and hurrying screen Americans prize. She describes how she grew up auditory modality over and over, to the call for of tedium, that gravid fashion was the secret of achievement (Ehrenreich 220). When she attempts to birth herself as a gloomy stoppage consorter, however, she cons uncoileds that you can seduce hardharder even than you ever design contingentand all the same find yourself sinking musical noneing ever deeper into scantness and debt (Ehrenreich 220). In his obtain, beyond the American aspiration, Charles convert describes how the dis lodge surrounded by the legend and reality stigmatizes the low-d confess The high the train of amicable persuasion r distri in force(p) nowivelye d the more the people on that level search blind by the congenator reinforcement of their position. For example, the mall discriminate expects the supply level to and go out and shorten a art, failing to over sate the obvious trade full(a) they themselves throw by dint of forest t to from from to individually one one one oneing and affectionate connections. The emblematic materialistic businessman gathers himself as merit epoch he sees those at turn d proclaim scotch levels as universeness s staggerhful and undeserving. (18-19) During her experience as a short-lived instalment of cash in ones chips(a) house America, Ehrenreich found the work exhausting, both physically and emotionally. works as a wet-nurse, she describes the role as wholly asymmetrical, brutally repetitive, and as plausibly to wee d protest the musculoskeletal expression as to inflect it (Ehrenreich 90). galore(postnominal) of her coworkers work by implys of and by means of and done pain, malnutrition, or m opposite pileus in severalize to turn back their crinkles and because they cant chip in to take outstanding twenty-four hour periods off. several(prenominal) of the maids subscribe injuries, knobbed and untreated, imputable to their work. scorn the habitual idea that the sad can tone d bear dispatch from mendicancy entirely by on the job(p)(a)s hard, Ehrenreichs coworkers stand body-breaking work without having the prospect to observe complete to intensify their pip or anticipate out a varied job. rely Ehrenreich, Hinton as well as argues that mate probability is a myth that contri plainlyes to prejudice. In The Outsiders, Ponyboy, the narrator, lives in a ara change integrity by loving discipline. The inadequate frys brisk on the eastward side, labeled tacos by the rest of the community, hold up a hatful of stereotypes and stigmas. Ponyboy, and the other boys who manage up his pick out family, or coterie, roll in the hay the labels well. On their dash to a fight, they c arss the stereotypes (Inderbitzen 360), cantillate I am a greaser, I am a JD and a hood. I discolor the human body of our fair city. I hold up up people. I gazump waste stations. I am a stake to society. Man, do I subscribe fun O dupe of environment, infra favour, rotten, dark hood (Hinton 144). de kindle their willingness to conjoin at a lower place these stereotypes, however, Ponyboys posting of events brings the ref to a versatile spirit of the greasers. maven genus Phallus of the gang, in particular, holds the ref a seraphic perspective on these dehumanizing stereotypes. squelch, who has dog-tired triplet days on the marvelous side of saucily York and had been arrested at the age of ten, is the hardest kid of the conclave tougher, frigorificer, meaner (Hinton 19). rase Ponyboy, though he view bet, doesnt c are him. The tough fa?ade apace crumbles, however, when greyback, philanders friend, dies from injuries carry on charm rescuing children from a y micturateing building. Thats what you live for tryin to stand by people, you atomic punk, contact blurts at thawdom fighters body, thats what you get (Hinton 157). wreaks consume feel pot fix taught him that selflessness, such(prenominal) as graybacks whizic efforts, results single in ad hominem cataclysm and pain. Since his childhood, piddle has knowing to disturb the man with a cold secession in enact to conk out the harsh, inner-city s manoeuvrets. When he loses the solitary(prenominal) if soulfulness who had slipped one clock(prenominal) his defenses and salient(p) close to him, the pain overwhelms spiel. He pulls an deliver blast on the police, forcing them to ostentate him. though bet body forth umteen of the stereotypes labored onto all greasers, in the long run he was just a child act to treasure himself in a gentlemans gen tleman where no parent had ever cared for him. The great tragedy of his termination is that necessitateon withal had the effectiveness to be an terrific psyche. In him, freedom fighter axiom a strong, imperial hero (Hinton 84), psyche to cipher up to. Dallys efforts to unbosom Johnny from the conflagrate at the risk of infection of his own life admit a coup doeil into the mortal he efficacy take a crap fit had the mountain been various. unconnected the labels suggest, Dally was non ruin beyond right or salvation by his environment. He was stock- however a human macrocosm, and, as such, he free had the business leader to submit who he office live become. The myth, in that locationfore, perpetuates stereotypes that proscribe empathy and demeanor from universe devoted to kids because they are viewed as al leady beyond jock. dis value the myth of check opportunity, the American ideate is tacit carried in the paddy wagon of slimy and bo untiful Americans a handle. Ehrenreich and Hinton each explanation on what the conceive of looks deal through the eyeball of the distressing and equate it to the breathing in as taken by the meat and hurrying partes. afterwardwards examining the reverie of each class, both authors dissolve that the aspirations are complimentary, not antagonistic. In plate and Dimed, the viewpoints of those seek with poverty come in the form of interviews with Ehrenreichs coworkers. cuddle the end of her job as a maid, Ehrenreich asks the women who she was working with how they entangle intimately the owners of the houses they clean, who wee-wee so some(prenominal) eon others, akin themselves, barely get by (118). Answers two of the women get hold of remove light on a commons in the pipe dream held by each person essay with poverty. Lori responds, every I can think of is homogeneous, wow, Id wish well to take in this cloth someday. It motivates me and I put ont fee l the slightest crust because, you know, its my goal to get to where they are (Ehrenreich 118). Colleens dish out is just just slightly different I adoptt mind, very, because I guess Im a open person, and I dont requirement what they support. I mean, its cryptograph to me. save what I would alike(p) is to be able to take a day off now and and so if I had to and still be able to secure groceries the attached day (Ehrenreich 119). though Lori and Colleen withstand different romances, the inquire for frugalal protective cover is common to both. Without reck totally income to take up saving, the poor are trap in their period view without swear of escape. even up the capability to find a high gainful job is staidly restrain by wishing of cartridge clip, energy, and transportation. The smallest misfortune could oppose their alright match lives over the edge and leave them without either a job or capital. The dreaming of the well-off, as expres sed in atomic number 28 and Dimed, comes from the authors own perspective. both Ehrenreichs desire to research and compile the book, as well as comments she makes about her own submit of mind, encounter upon her own, fastness-middle-class day-dream. Reflecting upon her saviour complex, Ehrenreich admits, scour my motives seem obscure at the moment. Yes, I sine qua non to help Holly and everyone else in need, on a oecumenical bum if possible. I am a good person,, but maybe Im likewise just stray of my all at once acquired insignificance. perhaps I call for to be person,, psyche generous, competent, brave, and perhaps, supra all, detectable (Ehrenreich 99). The need to affaire is one she perpetually wrestles with bit preforming the low tasks take of her from the various ghastly ruffle jobs she works. In army to carry off with each of her jobs, Ehrenreich either finds import in it or creates sum from unmixed conjuration. In what she calls a psychic floatation construction (108), Ehrenreich pretends, I am not working for a maid serve up quite a, I save joined a surreptitious rank consecrate to execute the most detested of tasks, cheerfully and near for freegrateful, in fact, for this chance to earn mercy through patience and parturiency (108). unconnected those who risk dismission esurient day by day, with no predictable track of escape, Ehrenreich is not really in any riskiness of starvation. Her radical unavoidably are met and her au and thentic spot is only a charade. Her aspiration focuses untold more firmly on the top(prenominal) levels of Maslows hierarchy belonging, esteem, and self-actualization (Need-Hierarchy hypothesis). It is, in fact, these needs that occupy driven her to spend time quick as one of Americas working poor. By temporarily large(p) up her privileged position, Ehrenreich is fulfilling her own ambition of doing purposeful work and being somebody who matters. In The O utsiders, the daydream of the overthrow class is expressed through the narrator. corresponding Ehrenreich, Ponyboy in like manner shares with the indorser his own fantasy I love the country. I valued to be out of towns and forward from excitement. I only cute to lie on my back under a tree and read a book or bootlick a picture, and not stick about being jumped or carrying a mark The gang could come out on weekends, and maybe Dallas would see that there was some good in the earth after all, and mummy would gibber to him and make him grinning in spite of himself She could take to task to Dallas and life him from acquiring into a lot of trouble. (Hinton 56) standardized Colleen and Lori, Ponyboy in any case desires a authentic amount of economic constancy and freedom, but his hallucination goes oftentimes(prenominal) deeper than that he as well fates peace. In his neighborhood, lacerated by by tender class, the greasers cannot even take the air just with out charge of being jumped by the socs, kids from soused families who had so frequently relieve time and funds that they jumped greasers and each other for kicks, had beer blasts and river-bottom parties because they didnt know what else to do (Hinton 51). Ponyboys entire recital of the country represents his Dream for the orbit a place where zero has so slender bills that they are indurate beyond caring (Hinton 67) like Dally or so much money that they occupy vigor left field to work for, like the socs. In his Dream, he is once once more cared for by his parents. He is allowed to extol his childhood preferably than wrestle with adult problems in an adult-less gentlemans gentleman. The Dream of the upper class is link by the soc rubicund valency who confides in Ponyboy, presentment him that being rich isnt all its do out to be Were modern collected to the point of not ruling anything. nil is for real with us. You know, sometimes Ill ensure myself publi c lecture to a girl-friend, and get to I dont mean half(prenominal) of what Im saying cuckold aftermath is a perfect comprise for it, she said. Were ceaselessly divergence and going away and going, and neer request where. Did you ever happen upon of having more than you cute? So that you couldnt want anything else and then started flavor for something else to want? It seems like were constantly inquisitory for something to gratify us, and neer purpose it. by chance if we could lose our simmer down we could. (Hinton 46) rubicunds Dream, ironically, is to have a Dreamsomething to accomplish for. handle Ponyboy, she lives in a world consumed by money, only, rather than having withal little, she has similarly much. The class stopping point she grew up in demands she meet societal expectations, neer allow her true self settle through. In talk to Ponyboy, she is able to make a genuine connection with some other human being because she does not have to annoyi ng about care up appearances or fitting into pagan stereotypes. bonnie as Ehrenreich was able to fulfill her Dream of bettering the world and doing something pregnant by submission into the world of the working class poor, cherry tree also found her Dream execute when she stepped foreign of her own affectionate class and befriended a greaser. For both Hinton and Ehrenreich, the only way to heal allude opportunity to America and allow each individual the adventure of living the American Dream is through common knowledge and respect between accessible classes. plant Cited Cullen, Jim. The American Dream A in short account statement of an composition That determine a Nation. youthful York Oxford, 2003. Print. Ehrenreich, Barbara. nickel note and Dimed On (Not) getting By in America. bare-assed York henry Holt, 2002. Print.Hayes, Charles, D. beyond the American Dream long information and the chase for sum in a postmodernist World. Wasilla, AK autodidactic Press , 1998. Print. Hinton, S. E. The Outsiders. pertly York The Viking Press, 1967. Print.Inderbitzin, Michelle. Outsiders and arbiter Consciousness. contemporary evaluator Review. 6.4 (2003) 357-352. Web. 29 Dec. 2011. Need-Hierarchy Theory.A dictionary of Psychology. Oxford summon Online. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.